Human Resource Management

Task 1: Job description for a site manager

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Job descriptions are based on objective information obtained through job analysis, an understanding of the competencies and skills required to accomplish needed tasks, and the needs of the organization to produce work (Heathfield, 2015). It clearly identifies and spells out the responsibilities of a specific job.
Job descriptions are written statements that include:

• Duties,
• Responsibilities,
• Most important contributions and outcomes needed from a position,
• Required qualifications of candidates, and
• Reporting relationship and coworkers of a particular job.

Job descriptions also include information about working conditions, tools, equipment used, knowledge and skills needed, and relationships with other positions.

Draft Job Description of Site Manger for Woman’s crisis center

Title:                                       Site Manager

Department:                            Human Resource Department

Reports To:                             HR Manager

Supervises:                              General Manager

Appointed/Revised Date:       02/05/2015

Salary:                                     Negotiable

Job Responsibility Accomplishes refurbishment of woman’s crisis center according to the planning of the organisation, evaluate project activities and report to the HR manager.

Job Duties ·         Promotes positive public relations ·         Recruit and select  workers for the project ·         Monitoring the works and evaluate the plans ·         Providing update project progress to the HR manager ·          Collect required resources for the project ·         Maintaining project Gantt chart ·         Motivate project staffs ·         Hand over the project within the given time ·         Performs other related duties as needed.

Site Manger Skills and Qualification Developing Budgets, Coaching, Supervision, Staffing, Project Management, Management Proficiency, Process Improvement, Tracking Budget Expenses, Self-Development, Planning, Performance Management, Inventory Control, Verbal Communication. Should have 5 years experiences in similar job field.

Task 2: Flowchart for course of action to resolve the situation

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Task 3: (a) Three ways to communicate from remote location and increase of empowerment and participation

It is very important to communicate with the head office from any project site. Often workers have faced problems in communication if the project area stands in remote areas. So, workers must find out the effective ways to resolve the problems. Here, provides three ways  top resolve the problems which increases empowerment and participation.

• Internet communication: Through email, blogs, websites workers of remote project site can communicate with head office. And, head office can provide company letter, news letters to the workers from head office by using internet facility.
• Visits by upper management: It is very effective way of communication with remote workers. Physical inspection of upper management will help to understand the overall situation and any workers can consult with the management and get clear direction about their tasks.
• Video conference: It is another ways of communication with remote project site. It reduces the cost of visiting of upper management team. Workers can use Skype for video conferencing with head office and get suggestion about project activities. 

(b) Opportunities for continuous professional development

Working in remote location is always challenging for workers. There are various occasions where requires instant decision and communicating with head office may not possible within the short time. For continuous professional developments there are some ways that can be applied are given below:

Toolbox talks: A Toolbox Talk is an informal group discussion that focuses on a particular safety issue. These tools can be used daily to promote project’s or department’s safety culture. Toolbox talks are also intended to facilitate health and safety discussions on the job site (sitesafe.org.nz, 2015).

Appraisal: Appraisals are judgments of the characteristics, traits and performance of others. On the basis of these judgments, we assess the worth or value of others and identify what is good or bad. In industry performance appraisal is a systematic evaluation of employees by supervisors. Employees also wish to know their position in the organization. Appraisals are essential for making many administrative decisions (Dessler, 2013).

Training and development: Training and development presents a prime opportunity to expand the knowledge base of all employees. Employees also miss out on work time while attending training sessions, which may delay the completion of projects. Despite the potential drawbacks, training and development provides both the company as a whole and the individual employees with benefits that make the cost and time a worthwhile investment (Frost, 2014).

Inter site visits: Inter site visits helps to evaluate the tasks of the project according to the planning. These visits find out the problems and make quick solution to solve the problems. Workers can get motivation in their tasks from these visits.

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References

Heathfield, S. M. (2015) Job Description, humanresources.about.com, [available at http://humanresources.about.com/od/jobdescriptions/g/job_description.htm], [accessed at May 1, 2015]

Sitesafe.org.nz, (2015) Toolbox Talks, Sitesafe.org, [available at https://www.sitesafe.org.nz/toolboxtalks], [accessed at May 1, 2015].

Dessler, G. (2013) Human Resource Management, 12th Edition, New York: Pearson Education.

Frost, S. (2014) The Importance of Training and Development in the Workplace, smallbusiness.chron.com, [available at http://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-training-development-workplace-10321.html], [accessed at May 1, 2014].

UNIT 18: Advertising and Promotion in Business

Introduction

Communication is the process of interacting with various people. Without communication people cannot familiar about the products and services of an organisaiton. Marketing communication is a process through which organistion can share information to the prospective customers regarding their products and services (McCabe, 2010). The trends and nature of communication has changed over time. And, organisations are using different styles and means to promote their products and services. So, direct communication, digital communication, sales promotions etc. are used as important tools as marketing communication. Advertisement and promotion are the two core vital tools in marketing communication to pursue customers for buying expected products and services. 

Task 1: Marketing communication scope and importance of advertisement and promotion

 To,

Board of Directors

Westfield Shopping Complex

Subject: The scope of marketing communication process and importance of advertisement and promotion in Westfield Shopping Complex

Dear Sir,

To establish rapport with people, marketing communication is the most effective tool for our organisation. For effective communication, advertisement and promotional mix play the major role that can be used by Westfield Shopping Complex to develop good communication with customers.

This report explains the ways and importance of marketing communication along with the effect of ICT.

P1.1: Explanation of how marketing communication process can be applied on advertising and promotion

Marketing communication organizes promotional activities through one or more ways like direct mail, radio, print media, television, and personal communication..

Marketing communication mix

Marketing communication mix is the combination of marketing instrument that work together for marketer’s target as well as target market (Kokemuller, 2015). Marketing communication mix is used in advertisement and promotion of products and services.

Personal selling

Personal selling is a method using skills and techniques of one party for growing self connection with another party that resulting value of both parties. Westfield complex deliver services personalized to valued buyers.

Advertising

Advertising is the act of grabbing public attention to one’s product and services through impersonal media. Viewable views, convenience point, construction and operation all are acting as an advertisement of Westfield complex. 

Public relation

Public relation is Communication providing messages or information to the public so that people will regret as a favourable way. Westfield complex should more concentrate acquiring public relation.

Direct marketing     

Direct marketing allows straight communication to the customers. This is the most                                                 

advance mediums of marketing communication tools. Westfield complex uses physical query booth, telephone, e-mail marketing to get directly link with costumers.

Digital marketing

Digital marketing is the promotion activities of product and services via electronic media. Westfield complex involved digital marketing via social sides, web ad.

So, effective utilisation of marketing communication tools will increase the sales growth of products and services of an organisation.

Importance of marketing communication

Communication is the process of connecting with others. Without communication, a society cannot survive. Organisation produces products and services for selling these to the customers and in turn makes profit. Marketing communication teaches organisation’s how to use the most effective tools that attract most of the customers towards their products and services. Westfield shopping complex can determine the best effective marketing tools to communicate of their target audiences and increase their sales as well.

Wilbur Schramm’s model of communication

                                            

This communication model was developed by Wilbur Schramm in 1940. Through this model Wilbur demonstrates how information or message is transferred from one individual to another.

Sender: sender sends information or message to receiver. The sender is Westfield shopping complex because they send message to the people.

Media: Message is sent by using any media. TV, newspaper, internet are the media for Westfield promotional campaign.

Interpreter: Individual who analyses the message is known as interpreter.

Receiver: Person who receive the message. Customers are the receiver of Westfield shopping complex.

P1.2 Explanation of advertising and promotion industry in the Westfield shopping complex

Advertising and promotion industries consist of some spilt of groups which play roles to the development of advertising and promotion plan.

Advertisers

An advertiser is an agency or individual who make familiar advantages or qualities of a products or services (Percy, 2014). Westfield shopping complex has several numbers of advertisers.

Advertising and promotion agencies

It’s a service based operation to creating, planning and forming promotion for its clients by agencies. Introducing new promotional policy Westfield complex worked with adverting and promotional agencies.

External facilitators

External facilitators help a group of people in a business to reach an outcome or decision. Westfield shopping complex would get help through their guides and discovering solution.

Media organization

Communicate to the large number of people using one or more technologies medium such as print, radio, or television. Using media organization Westfield shopping complex can promote their product.

Target audience

Target audience based on particular group of people for whom all advertisement activities are accomplished (Noble, 2013). All people are not the customer of each and every product and service. Westfield shopping complex should identify their target audience for this advertisement and promotion campaign.

Therefore, every organisation like Westfield shopping complex should carefully select effective advertiser, media for better performance in promotional activities.

P1.3: Assessment of how promotion is regulated in UK

Statutory instrument

Promotion activities are legislated by Government of UK. Company must meet specific legal requirement of their promotion policy.

Regulatory bodies

Government of UK sets up some regulatory bodies to monitor, guide and control to operate promotion activities.

Self-regulations

Self regulation grows self adherence to legal, ethical or safety standards than others have (Lagace, 2007). Westfield shopping complex’s self regulation is not to deliver any wrong information to the customers.  

P1.4: Explanation of current trends in advertising and promotion and the impact of ICT on the development of Westfield shopping complex.

At present business is moving on the basis of place, time, choice and trends. Continuously the trends are reforming. Company should concentrate their adverting and promotion activities on the basis of trends.

Trends

Trends in advertising and promotion mean the way in which advertisement and promotion works perused.

QR Codes

A QR code or a “quick response” code is a symbol works in an electronic devices (Lyne, 2009). Retrieving addition information QR Codes helps. Westfield shopping complex designed the entire products with QR Codes for serving quick information to their customer.

Internet

Internet allows to get connect with large number of people. It is used almost anywhere to be with others. It is the convenient way now for communicating with customers. Different applications such as online catalogues, email, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), fax, shopping carts, and File Transfer Protocol, and Web services are being used.  Westfield shopping complex is using it immensely with a view to getting engaged with customers.

Online Advertising

Informing Promotional marketing massages to the customer is one of the most effective ways of online advertising. Online ad via internet is cheaper medium rather than others also are the easiest way to notify to customer. Numerous numbers of websites are the source of online advertising. Westfield shopping complex always keep updated itself through online ad.

E-commerce

E-commerce is the place where customer can buy and sell their product over electronic

network. Westfield shopping complex easily pass their promotion activities information and Westfield also get fed back as well.

Impact of ICT

ICT stands for Information Communication Technology. It is a modern way of communication process. Various tools such as internet, social media, mobile messaging etc. are used to communicate with customers. Today, people at any corner are linked with mobile internet services. And, everyday people are suing their mobile data connection to get information within a short time. This ICT brings great advantages for Westfield shopping complex to get in touch with customers. Westfield shopping complex can get updates their websites and informs customers of their products, services and prices. Online advertisement can be used by Westfield shopping complex as a communication tool to attract more customers. Online selling system can helps Westfield shopping complex to increase their sales and customer also benefitted by purchase product before stock out. So, the impact of ICT for Westfield shopping complex is immense.

P2.1: Explanation of role of advertising in integrated promotion for Westfield shopping complex

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2.2: Explanation of how branding is used to strengthen the Westfield Shopping complex

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2.3: Creative aspects of advertising in the context of Westfield shopping Complex

Companies may live a die by creative communication. Creative advertising is effective and creative advertising strategy grows customer mind in memorable and unique way about the product (Seave, 2013).

Creativity in context of advertising

Creativity means development a new idea from traditional ideas, rules, patterns and relationships.

Structure of creative advertisement

ü  Creative team

Creative team works in a advertising agencies that execute and fulfill advertising campaigns for the companies that hire the advertising agencies.

ü  Creative design

Creative design means something new idea, design that attract customers.

ü  Creative brief

Creative brief makes a customer to understand about the product. One can easily understand the meaning of the creative brief so that customer attract to the product.

ü  Ad objectives

The objective of the ad or creative ad should be target customer oriented.

Execution style

Creative team are responsible to implement the advertisement by using effective media which helps the Westfield shopping complex can reach to the maximum number of customers.

P2.4: Various ways for working with advertising agencies

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Conclusion

There has no doubt that without marketing communication organistion cannot prosper in business. The two important tools of marketing communication are advertisement and promotion those are creating a rapport between organistion and customers. Customers are the life line of an organisation. So, it is very important for an organisation to inform customers about their products and services. In this regards, the importance of advertisement and promotion techniques cannot be ignored. So, organisations should identify the best suitable techniques of advertisement and promotion for sustainable sales and profitability of business.

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5 steps in Business Plan

1.0.         Nature of the business

Mosquito is one of the most dangerous animal that infected many diseases like Malaria, Filarial, Dengue fever. Every year millions of people are affected by these diseases all over the world. Mosquito is found more or less everywhere in the world. 343 people were founded in UK those were affected by dengue fever in 2012 (Bupa.co.uk, 2015). There are various tools are used for eradicating mosquitoes such as various coil, electric mat, spray etc. In addition, the traditional spray and coil polluted the air which is harmful for human health.

Keep Fresh Britain (KFB) is a private limited company, going to introduce a mosquito killer spray- QucikAction manufactured from NEEM, a divine tree. In UK, mosquito repellent market stands on in around £35 million which is increasing at an estimated rate of 5-7% per year and globally the rate is very high especially in South and South East Asia (Kremer, 2012). In this situation, the target of KFB is to capture 3% market share by 2 years. The strategic objectives are to penetrate in Asian market by 2018 and secure 15% of mosquito repellent market within 6 years. The financial objective is to gain 44% sales growth within 2017.

The question comes ‘Why people buy QuickAction?’ The answer lies in the customer experience cycle in relation with the product. OuickAction is different from traditional chemical based mosquitoes repellent and not harmful for health because QuickAction is produced by using natural compounds that is NEEM and free form any toxic chemical at the same time refresh the air from pollution.  The ingredients of QuickAction block the internal function of mosquitoes and kill the insects. The action of the repellent over mosquitoes remains 12 hours after spraying in the air.

The suppliers of KFB are from India and Brazil because in these countries the high quality NEEM trees are produced. Keep Fresh Britain will be a private limited company consisting of four directors. KFB will have three functional departments Operations, Marketing and sales and Finance and accounts. The company includes a consultant come from applied chemistry background who is responsible for monitoring the safety standard of the product. Marketing and brand communication department will get more priority in KFB because the role playing by the department will help the company to achieve the organisation’s objectives.

2.0.         Situation analysis

SWOT analysis

Strengths: The strengths are as follows:

Ø  Product with unique feature that not only eradicate mosquitoes but also stop the breeding of insects.

Ø  Zero chances of air pollution and health hazard.

Ø  Provide superior safety up to 12 hours with low cost.

Ø  This is an environment friendly business because for raw materials need NEEM trees.

Weaknesses: 

Opportunities: the opportunities are as follows:

Ø  Increasing awareness about the adverse effects of chemicals

Ø  The influence of existing DEET and dallethrin based will be ineffective gradually

Ø   Support from government for manufacturing eco-friendly product.

Threats:

Potential customers: The price of the product is competitive but the unique features of the repellent will attract middle income level customers to high income level customers. In UK, currently no company produce NEEM base misquotes repellent so it is hoped that middle class and higher class people will purchase the product. In addition, Asian market is comparatively challenging because there people are used to with coil, electric mat and chemical based spray. But, QucikAction will be popular to all level of customers for its unique features.

Geographical area: The head office of KFB will establish in UK. The company will establish two production facilities at India and Brazil because the raw materials are available there. Primarily manufactured product will sell in UK market. After three years the company will expand its marketing and selling operations in Asian market.

Business competitors: UK mosquito repellent market is very competitive. Major competitors of KFB’s are Boots, Pyramid, Mosi-Gaurd, After Bite, Sawyer, Dabur Odomos, Incognito, and Expedition. These competitor brands capture maximum market share of mosquitoes repellent in UK. Some brands are certified from Royal Health Care Society. So, KFB have to face a strong competition in capturing the target market share.

3.0.         Marketing Strategy

The company will manufacture three types of QuickAction repellent; economy size (120 ml), premium size (250 ml) and premium plus (425 ml). The target customer for economy size is individual and small family, premium size is for small and semi large family, and premium plus is for semi large, large and business office.

KFB keeps its product price affordable compared to rival brand. The price of economy size will be keeping £5, for premium size price will be £7 and for premium plus price will be £10. This price will eligible for UK market. Price will vary for Asian market when the company will start marketing and selling in the market. But, currently this price rate will be keeping.

The production capacity of the company is 1.5 million mosquitoes repellent bottle per year. In the first year, KFB will utilise 68% of its total capacity. And, in the second year, the company will bring it to 86% and it will be expected that from third year the company will reach in economies of scale. The sales projection for each quarter is 30,000 bottles in the first year. Second year sales projection is 42,000 in each quarter and third year sales projection is 51,000 in each quarter.

Marketing strategy is the most vital part for KFB of its QuickAction mosquitoes repellent. For achieving the market maximum market share the company should take unique marketing strategy than rival company. The objectives of marketing plan are:

Ø  Creating psychological positioning of maximum efficient chemical free brand in customer’s mind

Ø  Creating awareness to customer’s about the usefulness of the natural mosquitoes repellent and bad effect of chemical base solution

Ø  Positioning brand image of QuickAction in the market

Ø  Handover quality product with affordable price to the customers.

KFB will use the following four types of marketing strategies to grab the target customers:

Innovative product strategies: Emphasising on the innovative product attributes of stopping the breeding of the mosquitoes and ensuring highest level of safety up to 12 hours.

Promotion strategies: Educating customer especially Moms about the health hazards from using of chemical oriented spray.

Market penetration strategy: There are many strong competitors currently competing in the market. So, market penetration strategy will be adopted to create stronghold in the market

KFB apply integrated marketing communication tools as promotional strategies for QuickAction. The company will follow Below the line (BTL) tools for promotion the product. Two of the innovative BTL are-

 MAM campaign: MAM refers moms against mosquitoes that will hold during the period of school time when the Moms dropping and picking their children from school.  Free sample: The Company will distribute free sample of QuickAction (30 ml) to various religious institution, and public homes

4.0  Operations and Human Resource Strategies

5.0.         Financial Plan

References

Bupa.co.uk (2015) Dengue fever. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bupa.co.uk/health-information/directory/d/dengue-fever (Accessed: 8 October 2015).

Kremer, W. (2012) Ultrasound mosquito repellents. [Online]. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20669080 (Accessed: 8 October 2015). 

Difference between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting

Differences between financial accounting and management accounting 

Garrison and Noreen (2013) have been mentioned some key differences about financial accounting and management accounting. Some are discussed below:

Financial accounting	Management accounting
It is prepared for outside users of the organisation such as owners, tax authorities, creditors, government regulatory body.	It is prepared for internal users of the organisation such as management, employees and other related parties.
Financial accounting helps outside users for decision making regarding the firm.	Management accounting helps management in decision making, planning, controlling, motivating, and performance evaluation.
It focuses on the past financial resultant.	It focuses on future decision making.
It concentrates on verifiability and objectivity.	It concentrates on relevance.
Financial statements must be prepared by the guideline of GAAP.	It is not mandatory of following GAAP in preparing management accounts.
External reporting is mandatory.	External reporting is not mandatory.

Reference

Garrison, R. and Noreen, E. (2013) Managerial Accounting. 11th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.

Different Forms of Business: benefits and limitations

Doing business is the major source of employment not only in UK but also all over the world. Most of the employment has been done through business. To start a business, requires money, in accounting term it is called capital.  According to the Office for National Statistics, UK productivity rate is nearly 20 percent which is the lowest comparing the G7 countries and business analysts said that small and medium business will increase productivity (Cicurel, 2015). Business is of various forms such as sole proprietorship, limited company, partnership etc are common in UK. Sole proprietorship and partnership business are easy to start compared to limited company. 

Explanation of the different forms of business units and their benefits and limitations

For starting a new business, the primary concern is selecting the type of legal business that is suitable for the entrepreneur. This understanding is necessary because it will help entrepreneur to determine what business he/she can do and cannot do. Here, some forms of business ownership will discuss.

Sole proprietorship

According to Miller and Jentz (2009), the business which is run by one individual and who is only legal entity for having profits and unlimited liabilities is known as sole proprietorship. It is the easiest form of business organization. Most of the people in the world are engaging in this type of business and it is the highest source of employment. This business is easy to start, operating and maintaining. Today, a large number of online businesses are operating nationwide based on sole proprietorship.

Benefits of sole proprietorship

ü  The major benefit of the business is that the owner of the business solely enjoys the rights of entire business and receives all the profits (BBC, 2015).

ü  Starting a sole proprietorship is easy and less costly and needs very few legal formalities.

ü  The owner of the business can take decision quickly.

ü  At any time owner of the business can transfer or sell the business to another party.

ü  Sole proprietor gives only personal income taxes on the business profits. No additional taxes are required.

Limitations of the sole proprietorship

ü  The major limitation of the business is unlimited liability and bears all losses solely that the business incurs (Truex, 2015).

ü  There has limited scope of raising capital.

ü  The duration of the business is uncertain.

Partnership business

According to Fontana (2010), a partnership business emerges from an express or implied agreement between two or more individuals to carry on a business for making profit. Partnership Act 1980 has defined partnership as an express or implied relation between persons carrying on a business in general with a view of profit (legislation.gov.uk, 2015).

Benefits of partnership business

ü  Setting up a partnership is easy.

ü  This form of business accumulates more capital than sole proprietorship.

ü  New ideas and skills are brought by the partners.

ü  Partners can share duties and responsibilities towards the business.

Limitations of the partnership business

ü  The business incurs unlimited liability. If the business become bankrupt, all the partners are liable to complete their debts even from selling their personal assets (Griffin, 2015).

ü  Disagreement among the partners will hamper the business operations.

ü  Low level of continuity of existence. If a partner becomes bankrupt, or die or resigns, the partnership will dissolve.

Limited company

UK law endorses two major form of limited company; private limited company and public limited company. A limited company is a business organisation that can establish to carry on the business where the liabilities of owners are limited by their investment (Gov.uk, 2015). Limited company holds separate artificial entity.

Benefits of limited company

ü  The main advantage of limited company is that shareholders liability to pay the debt is limited and their personal assets are free from liability.

ü  The continuity of the business is eternal and the die or resign of shareholders cannot dissolve the business.

ü  Limited company has a separate legal entity where the rights and responsibilities of directors and the company are separate.

Limitations of the limited company

ü  It is difficult to start and numbers of steps are being required to complete to carry on the business.

ü  Commercial confidential information sometimes leaked publicly.

ü  Government imposes high level of taxes on the profits of the business. 

References 

Cicurel, D. (2015) How small businesses can engage staff. The Telegraph. [Online] 24^th June. Available from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/business/sme-home/news/11691611/sme-staff-engagement.html [Accessed: 15 November 2015].

Gov.uk (2015) Choose a legal structure for your business. [Online]. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/business-legal-structures/limited-company [Accessed: 16 November 2015].

Miller, R. and Jentz, G. (2009) Fundamentals of Business Law. 2nd Edition. Mason: Cengage Learning.